《英美文學評論》徵稿啟事 「墾殖世」專題
截稿日期：2023年4月10日
預計刊登：2023年12月（第43期）
本專輯主題為墾殖世(the Plantationocene)，我們將重點鎖定於16世紀地理大發現以後，東西文化殖民相遇，西方帝國先後在加勒比海、美洲、亞洲、大洋洲各地進行植物探險、採集、收藏、栽墾、交易等，進而建立大規模墾殖園農業經濟，我們企圖反思這樣大規模的植物栽種生產模式對殖民社會、生態環境和文學創作所帶來的影響。
當前人類世論述反思人類中心主義對生態環境的影響，引起許多爭議，如人類學家安娜清(Anna L. Tsing)與生物學家哈若薇(Donna Haraway)指出這個概念至少有三個地方需要再思：其一人類世扁平化「人類」做為單一普世化的概念，忽視其中的種族、性別、階級、性取向與體能(ableism)上的諸多差異。其二人類世強調深度時間，卻忽視了空間維度上的差異，因為東方與西方，北半球與南半球的「人類」並不相同。其三人類世工作小組科學家依賴地球系統科學(Earth Science System)大數據，這套新興的科學分析方法雖然讓我們從量化上更能精準掌握星球危機(the planetary crisis)，卻也因此趨向科學數據的扁平化，忽略了農耕時序中人類社會的複雜面向。
此外後殖民生態文學學者伊莉莎白．狄勞葛瑞(Elizabeth DeLoughrey)在其2019年專書《人類世的寓言》(Allegories of the Anthropocene)也提出對人類世的批評，她認為人類世論述的參照對象大多以北半球為主，缺少對全球南方(the Global South)的關注，尤其缺乏從後殖民角度來反思原住民的情境與島嶼生態(1-10)。如同安娜清一樣，狄勞葛瑞也指出人類世論述的大一統普世化傾向，在地球系統科學的星球化論述之下(the Planetary)，卻沒有看到「地方」(the Place)，因此她和印度裔後殖民歷史學家查克拉巴提(Dipesh Charkrabarty)一樣，強調一定要「局部地方化」(“provincialize”)人類世論述(7)，使西方帝國殖民所帶來的斷裂與破壞得到應有的批判(8)。
此外狄勞葛瑞從後殖民角度對「局部地方化」的重視和法國哲學家拉圖(Bruno Latour)的看法不謀而合。拉圖在其專書《著陸何處?全球化、不平等與生態鉅變下，政治該何去何從？》(Down to Earth? Politics in the New Climate Regime)指出在當前生態危機中，人類並沒有居住在同一個星球上，現代化的不平等發展，使得氣候倫理變成一個政治議題。拉圖認為我們要重新回歸星球的「所在地」(40)，他和狄勞葛瑞異曲同工，都強調不可因為人類世的星球尺度(the Planetary)，而忽視具體的「在地」(the Place)。
英美文學中有許多著名的墾殖園敘事(plantation narratives)—史書美在〈比較關係學〉(“Relational Comparison,” 2014)一中用「植栽園弧線」(the plantation arc)連結三個不同時空的作品—美國諾貝爾文學獎得主福克納(William Faulkner)的《押沙龍!押沙龍！》(Absalom! Absalom!,1936)、加勒比海亞買家女作家包薇爾(Patricia Powell)的《寶塔》(The Pagoda,1998)以及馬來西亞華語語系作家張貴興的《猴杯》(Monkey Cup,2000)—藉此說明這三個不同時空背景中的「南方」殖民暴力。此外英國小說《簡愛》(Jean Eyre, 1848)羅徹斯特先生在加勒比海安提瓜(Antigua)的甘蔗田；加勒比海後殖民小說《馬尾藻海》(Wild Sargasso Sea, 1966)中亞買加的奴隸農莊，美國小說《黑寶貝》(Tar Baby, 1981)中新英格蘭緬因州富豪在加勒比海所栽種的溫帶花園等—這些作品可以視為「植栽世的寓言」，引領我們探索墾殖園經濟與星球危機之間的關係。
本專輯歡迎從墾殖世的角度尋思英美文學如何探討五百年來西方帝國大規模植物栽種對種族論述、資本主義、階級權力、生物多樣性、多物種倫理、氣候變遷等諸多面向的影響，可能主題包含—但不限於—下列子題：
—墾殖園的種族再現
—墾殖園的勞動階級
—墾殖園的性別裝扮
—墾殖園的跨物種想像
—墾殖園的生命政治
—墾殖園的植物敘事
—墾殖園的土地政策與植物經濟等
—墾殖園的人類與非人類共構關係
—墾殖園的全球擴散(東亞、東南亞、澳洲、大洋洲等)
—墾殖園的植物瘋(plant mania)、植物誌異、植物探險、植物醫學、植物感知等
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The Review of English and American Literature
Call for Papers
Special Issue: The Plantationocene
Submission Deadline: April 10, 2023
Publication Date: December, 2023 (Vol. 43)
This special issue focuses on the Plantationocene, which pertains to aspects of Western colonialism, geological discovery, massive deforestation, agricultural harvesting, and plant cultivation. It explores related theories and literary narratives of the Plantationocene from the angle of plant(ation)s in English and American literature. We particularly center on the 16th century after the Age of Discovery, when the West met the East, when the Western empires embarked on plant expeditions, plant collections, plant cultivations, and plant transactions from the Caribbean, the Americas, to Asia and Oceania, giving rise to plantation agricultural economy. We intend to reflect upon the effects of this huge-scale plantation production system with regard to colonial power, the natural environment, and literary writings.
Recently, the Anthropocene discourses have tackled the repercussions of anthropocentrism imposed on the environment, but have met with criticism. Anthropologist Anna L. Tsing and biologist Donna Haraway point out that there are at least three aspects they are concerned with: First, the Anthropocene monotonizes the concept of “the human,” neglecting various differences in race, gender, class, sexuality, ableism, etc. Second, the Anthropocene accentuates the temporal dimension, overlooking dissimilarities across the spatial, as humans differ between the East and the West, and between the Global North and the Global South. Third, that the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) heavily rely on the big data from Earth Science System (ESS), an innovative science methodology which enables a comprehensive system of measurements, but resulting in the surveillance of the planet via surface statistics. It ignores the complication in facets that has long existed across the agricultural almanac of the plantation.
In her book Allegories of the Anthropocene (2019), postcolonial eco-scholar Elizabeth DeLoughrey criticizes the Anthropocene, arguing that the discourses pertain mainly to the North while leaving out the Global South, thus resulting in a lack of representation of the Indigenous and island ecologies from a postcolonial perspective (1-10). Like Tsing, DeLoughrey points out the homogeneity of the Anthropocene, while it only concerns the Planetary based on Earth System Science, instead of the Place. Along with postcolonial Indian historian Dipesh Chakrabarty, they both accentuate the need “to provincialize” (7) the Anthropocene in order to critique the rupture and destruction caused by Western imperialism and colonialism (8).
Moreover, DeLoughrey’s postcolonial concern about “provincializing” the Anthropocene resonates with French eco-philosopher Bruno Latour. In his book Down to Earth? Politics in the New Climate Regime (2018), Latour argues that humans do not live on the same planet under the ecological crisis; the inequality of modernization has politicized the climate ethics. Latour postulates that we humans ought to retrace ourselves through “the terrestrial” (40) to tackle the neglected aspect of “the Place,” other than “the Planetary” privileged by the Anthropocene.
There is a plethora of plantation narratives in Anglo-American and Anglophone literature—for example, English novel Jean Eyre (1848) features Mr. Rochester’s sugar cane plantations in Antigua; Caribbean postcolonial novel Wild Sargasso Sea (1966) is set in a slave plantation in Jamaica; American novel Tar Baby (1981) sees a temperate garden cultivated by plutocrats from Maine, New England. Furthermore, Shu-mei Shih uses the notion of “the plantation arc” to connect three literary texts of different places in her article “Relational Comparison” (2014,) in which she contextualizes William Faulkner’s Absalom! Absalom! (1936), Caribbean writer Patricia Powell’s The Pagoda (1998), and Malaysian Sinophone writer Chang Kuei Hsing’s Monkey Cup (2000) to showcase the colonial violence in the Global South. These examples, taken together, could be considered “the allegories of the Plantationocene,” launching us to explore the relationship between the cultivation of plant(ation)s and the planetary crises.
This special issue welcomes submissions that explore how Anglo-American and Anglophone literature represents or responds to the massive production of plantations by Western imperialism. Topics include but are not confined to the following:
-Race representations in plantations
-Colonial violence in plantations
-Sexual performance in plantations
-Multispecies imagination in plantations
-Biopolitics in plantations
-Plant narratives in plantations
-Land policies and plant economy in plantations
-The human/nonhuman dual constructivism in plantations
-Globalism in plantations
-Plant mania, plant gothic, plant expeditions, plant medicine, plant sensory or more
*Please submit the manuscript online athttps://www.eala.org.tw/zh-hant/comment/online-submission, or email it torealtaiwan@gmail.com. The manuscript should be in Word format and well paged, include a Chinese and an English title, a Chinese abstract (350 to 400 words), an English abstract (200 to 250 words) as well as Chinese and English keywords (3 to 5 items). A cover letter should be attached, stating the author’s Chinese and English name, name and the address of his or her affiliation, as well as the corresponding contact information, address, email, and phone/ fax number.
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